Gambling: policy context
Responsibility for policy and for the regulation of gambling is not currently devolved to the Scottish Parliament. Policy responsibility for gambling is held by the UK Department of Culture, Media and Sport and is regulated by the Gambling Commission.
The main legislation governing how gambling is provided and regulated in the UK is The Gambling Act, 2005 (The Act). This introduced significant changes in the way gambling was licensed, regulated and promoted to the British public.
The Act is underpinned by three licensing objectives which are to:
- prevent gambling from being a source of crime and disorder, being associated with crime or disorder, or being used to support crime,
- ensure that gambling is conducted in a fair and open way,
- protect children and other vulnerable people from being harmed or exploited by gambling.
The Act represented a major change in the way gambling was regulated. The most visible changes were permitting advertisements for gambling across all media (television, radio, print and online) and changes to licensing for venues which a Select Committee inquiry (3.2MB) found had resulted in clustering of bookmakers in certain areas.
Unlike other public health areas like alcohol or drugs, there are no policy recommendations about recommended levels of gambling. The policy environment is supportive of gambling as a valid leisure activity, though it is recognised that some people can experience severe problems as a result of their gambling behaviour, and that those vulnerable to harm should be protected. Although problem gambling has been recognised as a behavioural addiction, specialist services (along the lines of those provided for illegal drugs and for alcohol) have not been developed.
The National Strategy for Responsible Gambling is the main mechanism through which action is taken to reduce levels of gambling-related harm. This strategy recognises that the harms cause by gambling extend beyond problem gamblers and argues that there is shared responsibility between government, regulators, industry and other public bodies to tackle gambling-related harm. The most recent progress report on the implementation of the National Strategy concluded that progress was slow in many areas and there was still much work to be done.
In May 2018 the UK Government announced that the maximum stake on fixed-odds betting terminals would be reduced from £100 to £2.
In 2021 the minimum age for National Lottery participation changed from 16 to 18 years old.
In September 2022 the Gambling Commission introduced new rules to ensure online gambling businesses do more to identify and take action to protect consumers at risk of harm.
Following the review of the Gambling Act 2005, the gambling white paper published in April 2023 set out the UK Government’s plans for modernising the regulation of the gambling sector.
As of November 2024, The UK Government's Department of Culture, Media, and Sport has announced a new statutory levy to raise £90–£100 million annually to address gambling harm in Great Britain. Key details include:
Purpose and Allocation:
- Research (20%): Funding allocated to UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) to establish a Research Programme on Gambling (RPG).
- Prevention (30%): Development and implementation of prevention and early intervention strategies across Great Britain.
- Treatment (50%): Funding for NHS England and equivalent bodies in Scotland and Wales to provide treatment and support services in collaboration with the third sector.
The levy will be enforced by April 2025, managed by the Gambling Commission under UK government direction, with input from Scottish and Welsh governments. Details on the distribution and use of prevention funds remain uncertain, with further guidance expected. See the UK government's full responses here.
